Topic > Policies for the Prevention of Juvenile Violence - 615

Death is a constant of all living organisms. An individual might try to avoid it; however, death will overtake him. Young people will inherit the world from adults. It is necessary for society to raise these young people; However, former Princeton professor John Dilulio's super predator theory triggered the moral panic of public fear of young people. School officials began targeting schools with large minority populations, turning them into a prison environment. Schools began punishing students outside of the norms set by school officials. Current policy criminalizes young people, prevents them from succeeding, and has fueled the rise of youth violence. Youth violence prevention policies reflect key points of the broken windows theory. The theory stated that when authorities do not detect hooligan behaviors in a timely manner, then the behavior will continue and gradually evolve into heinous acts (Lorenz, 2010). The broken windows theory perceived young people as animals with no self-control, only punishment could put an end to their criminal rampage. This theory led to Dilulio's super predator theory, which suggested that young delinquents would develop into genius criminals when they grew up (Dilulio, 1995). This started the movement to curb juvenile crimes and punish children at an early age. Although he recanted his belief in this theory in 2001 (Becker, 2001), the moral panic related to youth violence began. Initially, parents largely supported the introduction of the zero tolerance policy in schools. The core of the policy began as a way to harshly punish students who brought weapons to school (Skiba, 2013). However, policy has shifted to force schools to punish a wide range of student behaviors with no room for leniency. School officials and resource officers continue to criminalize minors in school. Schools in poor and minority neighborhoods have installed security cameras and metal detectors. Resource officers at entrances are searching students' backpacks for contraband. The effects of implementing these changes have negatively affected students. Theriot's research has shown that schools in economically disadvantaged areas have a higher percentage of minority students. They are also more likely to have resource officers on campus than schools with a low percentage of minority students. Schools with resource officers have an arrest rate up to 25% higher than schools without (Theriot, 2009). Resource officers on campus reach out to minority students. Schools began disciplining students through the justice system by criminalizing them. In Victor Rios' study, he witnessed the constant harassment by police and teachers of minority kids in Oakland.