Religious nationalism is the idea that religion and politics are intertwined. According to Mark Juergensmeyer there are two types of religious nationalism; ethnic and ideological. In his essay he explains the four steps that seem to be common to all religious nationalism movements in the world. While not exact, the sequence he compiled comes from his research on religious nationalism. The first type of religious nationalism described by Juergensmeyer is ethno-religious nationalism. Ethnic religious nationalism is the idea that the land and the people of that land are directly connected to the religion and politics of that specific area and group of people. In ethno-religious nationalism, “religion provides the identity that makes a community coherent and connects it to a particular place” (Juergensmeyer 3). Put this way, religion can provide an identity to a group of people and a nation and give people a sense of nationalism or pride in where they come from. An example of this would be Muslims praying and making pilgrimages to Mecca. The location of Mecca is not as important as the idea that the location on the map can unite millions of people every day. Another great example of ethno-religious nationalism is the Japanese religion Shinto. After the signing of the 1889 Constitution, the Japanese government assumed control of approximately 110,000 Shinto shrines (Hope & Woodward 220). This Shinto-backed form of state was established to bring unity and loyalty among the people to the nation of Japan. Indeed, during this period there were no other religious institutions in Japan, and even the leaders of the state, the emperors, acted as religious leaders. Religion focused... in the center of the paper... b. November 10, 2011. .Evans, CT “Iranian Revolution.” Nova online. 2000. Network. November 19, 2011. .Farley, John E. “Current Debates: Affirmative Action, Immigration, and Race versus Class.” Majority-minority relations. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009. 466-505. Print.Hopfe, Lewis M., and Mark R. Woodward. "Shinto." Religions of the world. 11th ed. New York: Vango, 2009. 213-23. Print.Juergensmeyer, Marco. “The Global Rise of Religious Nationalism.” Duke University Press. Network. November 19, 2011. .United States of America. United States Court of Appeals. Eleventh Circuit. FindLaw. Thomson Reuters. Network. November 10. 2011. .