Another form of learning that is very similar to operant conditioning is classical conditioning. Both forms of conditioning have a stimulus that produces a response, however, unlike operant conditioning, classical conditioning forces an involuntary response to an unconditioned stimulus 281. Distributed studying is much more effective than mass studying. The reason for this is because mass studying only leads to fragmenting information and encoding the material into an individual's short-term memory. Another concept is that when mass studying is combined with sleep deprivation, the result is that the student remembers less. General lack of sleep negatively impacts a student's ability to absorb material. For future individuals it is best to avoid pulling an all-nighter because you are sleep deprived and less likely to remember the material. All-nighters cause material to stay in your short-term memory, and there's no telling how long that memory will last. Individuals or students need to balance both their studies and sleep schedule, because both are essential for better quality learning sessions. This advice is preferable because it allows people not to avoid the topic and to pass better