In the history of ancient philosophy, there were 3 important views on how to live your life. These were presented by Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics. Plato, presenting the simplest of the three, believed that one should orient one's life towards virtue, morality and harmony of the soul. Explaining himself in his work Gorgias, Plato has Socrates and Polus talk to each other about the relationship between happiness and wrong action. Polo replies yes, happiness and evil go together. Continuing his response, Polo describes how a happy man is a powerful man. This powerful man can do whatever he wants. The example Polo uses is that he can kill others, but he is not imprisoned for it. On the opposite side of the spectrum, Socrates answers no. Plato's belief is expressed through Socrates. Socrates states that the only things that matter in life are virtue and morality. Nothing else, like wealth or power, truly matters to a happy person. For Socrates a happy person is a moral person. He also believes that it is better to suffer than to wrong another person. Plato also expresses his views in Book 2 of the Republic through the story of the Ring of Gyges. In this story there are two men, each with a magic ring. One man is just while the other turns out to be unjust. The right man decides not to use the power of the ring, which would allow the man to become invisible and do whatever he wants. The unjust man, however, decides to make use of this power, but remains caught up in his actions and is ultimately not happy. The just man, since he does not use the ring, is happy because he has mastered himself and has performed the virtuous action of not making himself invisible to take advantage of it. Plato is clearly arguing that the right thing is the external good of health. As it turns out, only virtue is necessary, yet family and friends helped. If a person performs a virtuous action with the right intention, then this is what will make him happy. Even if this action does not have a positive outcome, because somehow his action turns negative, his positive intention will still make them happy. A virtuous action without positive intent will not make anyone happy, but will only satisfy him temporarily. A perfect example of this would be a rich man donating money, just for tax purposes. They give money to help themselves and don't care how this money can't help others. For this reason they do not have a positive intention for their virtuous action. This rich man may have money, family, friends and health, but he has no virtue, so he will never be truly happy.
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