Toyota1. Product mix (or product assortment) is a collection of all products and items offered for sale by a company. A product mix consists of multiple product lines and can be characterized by parameters such as width (number of product lines in a product mix), length (total number of items in a product mix), depth (number of variants in the product line), and coherence (closeness of product lines in terms of production, distribution and use) (Kotler & Keller, 2012). Toyota offers a full line of cars for sale, from family cars and sports cars to minivans and trucks. Toyota's product mix consists of sedans, coupes, hybrids, vans, SUVs and trucks. The breadth of Toyota's product mix is ​​quite substantial. The length of the product line consists of a number of different models in a product mix: Prius, Avalon, Corolla, Camry, Lexus, RAV4, Land Cruiser, Tacoma, Tundra, Scion and others. An example of the depth of Toyota's product mix could be the possible variants of the Lexus model (ES300, ES 350, IS series).2. Kotler and Keller define six pricing methods for product mix: product line pricing, optional feature pricing, tied product pricing, two-part pricing, by-product pricing, and product bundle pricing (Kotler & Keller, 2012 ). An optional pricing method involves offering optional features, products, and services in addition to the core product, with some attributes included in the standard price and others charged separately. Toyota can implement this type of pricing in its manufacturing process. For example, the company could set a standard price for its “mono-spec” Scion and offer numerous customization items at dealerships for a separate price. Toyota may also use the product line pricing method, which suggests asking different prices for different...... paper model... bution. All goods are distributed from Spain in just 24 hours to Europe and 48 hours to the United States and Asia. All stores receive shipments biweekly. However, the idea of ​​the model is to provide only the minimum volumes for each item type or category. This means that very little storage space is needed in shops. This approach causes consumers to go to stores more often, which means that up to 85% of goods are sold at full price. Facilitating features are those that make the process easier for both the producer and consumers. Zara is proud to own 90% of its physical stores, located mostly in popular, high-traffic locations, which should be an efficient advertising technique. Bibliography: Kotler, P., & Keller, K. (2012) . A framework for marketing management (fifth ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.