In the article “The Long-Term Impact of Childhood Abuse on Internalizing Disorders Among Older Adults” Childhood abuse is a major life stressor that has important consequences on various mental health indices in adults (Sachs-Ericsson, Verona, Joiner, & Preacher, 2006). The connection between childhood abuse and consequences in adulthood gives you an idea of ​​how severe the effects will be on you later in life. A measure of childhood abuse experiences, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, was recorded in the survey. Perceivers were also analyzed for any low levels of self-esteem problems. After three years the same participants were interviewed again. They have now been diagnosed using the DSM-IV. Diagnoses included internalizing disorders such as anxiety and mood disorders. Included within the report are the demographics of abused and non-abused older adults. Next, a series of hierarchical linear regression analyzes were performed with the Internalizing Diagnostic Count as the dependent measure and the Childhood Abuse Scale entered into the model as the predictor, after the inclusion of covariates. (Sachs-Ericsson, N., Gayman, MD, Kendall-Tackett, K 2010). Variables of gender, age, education, and family of origin were included in the covariates. In the baseline sample (N¼1460), 7.2% of participants reported a history of any childhood abuse (physical, sexual, or emotional). Specifically, 2.6% reported experiencing physical abuse as a child, 2.4% reported sexual abuse, and 3.9% reported emotional abuse. (Sachs-Ericsson, N., Gayman, MD, Kendall-Tackett, K 2010) A standardized interaction term including abuse and self-esteem was then entered into the model to determine whether abuse had a greater effect on mental health at levels higher levels of self-esteem compared to effects at lower levels of self-esteem. (Sachs-Ericsson, N., Gayman, MD, Kendall-Tackett, K 2010). Finally, to conclude whether a DSM-IV disorder elicited a response to childhood abuse, the regression analyzes were repeated with each specific DSM as the dependent measure. Accordingly, those who experienced childhood abuse had a greater 1-year internalizing disorder outcome at follow-up than those who did not experience childhood abuse. It was also shown that the abuse was not related to self-esteem. The article titled “Gender Differences in the Long-Term Health Consequences of Child Physical Abuse.” The predictor variable: physical abuse in childhood and the dependent variables: health problems in adulthood. The sample consisted of ½ men and ½ women. Age, occupation, education level, and race were all controlled for.