IndexMitosis IMitosis IMitosis IIIBriefly describe all the phases of the cell cycle and explain what happens in each.a) Interphase: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phaseG1- the size of the cells increase, synthesize proteins and produce RNA. DNA synthesis is also improved. S phase: DNA replication occurs producing the two similar daughter cells. G2- this is the gap between mitosis and DNA synthesis where cells grow and produce proteins. Determines whether the cell can proceed to mitosis (living CELL). Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essayb) M phaseIn this phase protein production and cell growth is finished and the available energy is used in division to produce similar daughter cells (living CELL).Which phase is the shortest?The M phase is the shortest (alive CELL). What is G0 (Gap 0/Resting Phase)? G0 is the phase in which the cell leaves the cycle and stops dividing. If a cell did not enter the resting phase it would be a problem ? Why? This would be a problem because the developmental stage would be affected and division would be interrupted (living CELL). Some cells in the body remain in Gap 0 and rarely, if ever, divide. Name 2 types of cells in the human body that do not divide. Brain cells and nerve cells. Other types of cells in the body divide frequently (fast cycling). Name 1 type of tissue in the body that divides often. Why does this type of tissue need to divide frequently? The cells of the intestinal wall divide often. It divides frequently to provide new surfaces as surfaces are often worn down during digestion. Mitosis Explain the purpose of mitosis in the human body. Mitosis helps in the replication of somatic cells in the body, growth and repair. Briefly describe each stage of mitosis . (Basic Genetics). Interphase: In this phase, the DNA has replicated and is in a chromatin. The nuclear membrane is present and protects the DNA molecules from mutation. Prophase: Here the DNA molecules shorten and coil to form chromosomes. The nuclear membrane is not visible at this stage and the spindles move towards opposite cell poles. Metaphase: In this phase, the spindles are attached to the centromeres of the chromosomes and the chromosomes are aligned on the equatorial plate. Anaphase: The spindle fibers become short and the centromere divides and the resulting chromatids are pulled behind the centromeres. Telophase: the chromosomes move towards the poles and the disintegration of the spindle fibers occurs. Describe and distinguish between replicated chromosomes and homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are those that are in pairs and have a diploid (2n) chromosome number while replicated chromosomes are those that have undergone DNA replication and have two sister chromatids. How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a human somatic tissue cell? How many homologous pairs are found in a human gamete? The human gamete has 23 pairs and the human somatic cell has 23 pairs. Anaphase is unique in the number of chromosomes. Explain.Anaphase has twice as many chromosomes as previous phases.Is a cell in anaphase diploid? Explain.Mitosis IIWhat is the purpose of meiosis in the human body?Production of gametes in the human body.Briefly describe the stages of meiosis I.Interphase I: In this stage, DNA has replicated and are found in chromatin. The nuclear membrane is present and protects the DNA molecules from mutationProphase I: here the DNA molecules shorten and coil to form chromosomes. The nuclear membrane is not visible at this stage and the spindles move towards opposite cell poles. Metaphase I: Here the homologous pairs of chromosomes align with each other.