IndexDefinitionHistoryTypes of touristsEmerging trends/ReasonsAs early as 1987, many authors associated the terminology “cosmetic surgery tourism” under the umbrella of medical, health and wellness tourism. Since then, it has been known as “aesthetic tourism”, “plastic surgical tourism”, “surgical tourism” and “surgery abroad” by Marck, et al (2010), Melendez & Kaveh (2011) and Campbell (2019). However, authors such as Griffiths & Mullock (2017), Pereia et., al (2018) and Bell et al., (2011) only describe it as “an emerging trend” or a “rapidly growing phenomenon” without distinctly defining the terminology . This fails to identify specifically what cosmetic surgery tourism is. Despite this, Ackerman (2010) attempts to analyze the term as “a form of medicalized leisure, located in elite private spaces and yet inextricably linked to a beleaguered national medical agenda.” This, therefore, convinces this individual project to create simpler terminology to clearly identify the meaning behind this emerging niche. Drawing primarily on a small number of existing studies focused primarily on medical tourism, such as Griffiths & Mullock's (2018) attempt to understand “moving patients from one location to another to undertake aesthetic procedures, it is a significant area and in growth of medical tourism". Furthermore, with current growth, this individual project has produced its own definition of cosmetic surgery tourism. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get Original Essay Definition UNWTO (1995) defined tourism as “activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, welfare and other purposes ” This is important to highlight to highlight the tourist character of this phenomenon since it is also a tourist experience although medical purposes are not mentioned. Despite this, Connell (2006) defined medical tourism in the wellness category as the most link appropriate for this sector. He defined medical tourism as people who frequently travel to overseas countries to obtain medical, dental and surgical treatment and at the same time be vacationers in a more conventional sense. Subsequently develops holiday packages created by destinations interested in healthcare tourism only the aspect of tourism and medical tourism adds value to the coined definition of cosmetic surgery tourism being the main elements of this type of tourism. However, it will not entirely/specifically define this niche. Therefore, to further analyze this definition, this form of surgery focuses on plastic and cosmetic surgery procedures. The definition of plastic surgery appearance was identified in a 2017 report by Griffiths and Mullock as simply being adopted to alter a person's physical appearance. Furthermore, undergoing cosmetic surgery is linked to the alleviation of psychological anxiety related to the physical body and greater happiness which therefore improves self-image and appearance. Furthermore, as a "completely elective" job for improving the aesthetic appearance. Therefore, the combination of each element will evidently create the terminology of cosmetic surgery tourism today. It has been argued that the fact that surgery is undertaken on holiday, and that holidays are narrativised as part of the ongoing tourist experience, produces a different framing when tourism is combined with cosmetic surgery tourism. Cosmetic surgery tourism is the hybrid child of/conceptuallyconnected tourism and cosmetic surgery, as tourists travel outside their developed residential areas abroad, sometimes to developing countries to undergo cosmetic surgery. This is often linked to a luxury vacation where patients can begin sightseeing activities after the surgery. Therefore, it forms the concept of cosmetic surgery vacation where it carries traditional tourism activities such as lying on the beach, drinking alcohol, relaxing by the pool and sightseeing after surgery. The packages offer surgery with recovery in a beautiful location/resort and traditional tourism activities. Cosmetic surgery requires spaces where transformation can take place. Therefore, their spaces are those for holidays or luxury treatments. Jones (2011) studied this theory and linked it to makeover culture. Niche is always ongoing and does not result in a “complete” self due to piecemeal enhancements and additions that will forever alter the body. Nearly 20 years ago, Davis claimed that recipients of this niche were talking about this surgery as a way to become "whole" or normal. Subsequently, the more intimate form of tourism develops in which the tourist's body is the main concern and is 'touched' by the experience forever. Therefore, cosmetic surgery is believed to be distinct in its own way from just being connected to surgical practices due to the nature and outcome of the motivations. Cosmetic surgery reinforces and increases physiological concern for body image and culturally prescribed standards of beauty. This occurs at the intersection of tremendously complex and significant social trends related to gender, personality, media, celebrity, finance, psyche, ethics, culture, body along with communication and medical technologies. Performed basically to achieve the "ideal" body as part of the makeover culture described above. This contributes to the youth culture sought mainly by the baby boom generation and people with specific backgrounds who uphold cultural standards. Cosmetic surgery is one of the few medical procedures linked to fashion as well as health and has become a status symbol in some cultures. Authors such as Jones (2011) have written that there is a clear link between cosmetic surgery tourism and overseas shopping tours where the element of impulse buying is encouraged in both. They are now more likely to see cosmetic surgery as a product or purchase, and to talk about it as part of a treatment regime or fashion rather than as a path to the true self. The holiday carries with it a weight of expectation: that it will be out-of-the-ordinary, and somehow restorative or transformative (or both). Connell (2006) noted that tourism is part of relaxation, increased well-being, pleasure and health. Additionally, he said the point of vacationing is to immerse yourself in something out of the ordinary and return home refreshed. Having said this we can see how the elements can link tourism to cosmetic surgery as a literalization of the idea. Souvenirs collected by these tourists include a new nose or a smaller waist as opposed to costume jewelry or a tan. This shows others that you have been on vacation. John Connell (2006) reflects: 'It is obvious that tourism should be about relaxation, pleasure and increasing well-being and even health. Tourists don't necessarily have to be hedonistic, but they expect a positive outcome." This is a starting point: going on holiday should be rejuvenating. Going on holiday means going away, doing something different and coming back refreshed. In this sense, we can see theCosmetic surgery tourism as the literalization of this idea, broadening it from the more familiar tan or weight loss (or gain) that marks the body as having been on holiday. Eryn Casanova (2007) argues that we want people to notice that we have been on holiday, so cosmetic surgery tourism relies on other bodily indicators of tourism such as tanning. But, he adds, the idea of ​​the holiday as a restorative space-time could also be used by tourists to invoke this idea more subtly, by allowing people to undergo "secret" surgery. Cosmetic surgery is itself conceived as a 'prize' or a 'reward', something well deserved and which will also repay the investment made by giving birth to a 'new you'. However, for people who fancy the idea of ​​traveling without anyone knowing and returning after the makeover is completed can venture into a 'secret' surgical holiday. However, for at least some consumers, the association of the holiday with refreshment and well-being can be usefully combined with the transformation brought about by surgery, suggesting that a fruitful way to theorize the tourist value of cosmetic surgery tourism might be to trace the ways in which these ideas are mobilized by both producers and consumers, in tourism promotional materials and in the narratives of tourists themselves. Wear et al. (2010) noted that “tourist consumption involves… some form of reworking of the self,” both in terms of reshaping the body and in terms of identity work and narrative of the self, including the tourist self. In addition to embodied traces, such as tanning, other material traces are used by tourists to remember and signify their experiences, the memory of the holiday, photographs and videos, even the act of sending a postcard home. As a result, the surgical experience may be remembered or 'mementoised'. History Travel has always had an intentional connection to human activity dating back thousands of years. However, the idea of ​​travel for recreational, educational, or health purposes developed during the "Age of Enlightenment" of the 18th century with the development of the "Grand Tour" in Europe. Based on that research, health purposes have had a long association with travel and tourism, from the development of spa resorts in Roman times to the seaside or mountain sanatoriums popular among the Victorians. This is directly linked to the theory that some early forms of tourism were directly aimed at increasing health and well-being. This was evident in the many spas of Europe which generated the actual emergence of local tourism, during the 18th century where 'taking to the waters' became common. Furthermore, medical tourism "laid the foundation for the development of much of the modern tourism industry in Europe". In these times, this trend was reserved for the wealthy, sufficiently vulnerable, desperate and/or narcissistic people who indulged in cosmetic surgery. Recipients of cosmetic surgery were once viewed as patients because their desire to undergo procedures was often secretive and full of shame. Today, cosmetic surgery tourism is known as a booming industry as more consumers seek it out now than ever. This rapidly growing market is taken into account based on a significant variation in motivations from different types of tourists. Doctors from low-income countries have been providing these services and products which have attracted tourists from developing countries to this emerging trend. Societal attitudes towards this niche have gradually evolved from the public to the private sector,thus eliminating the need for prior consultation by clinical workers or a formal referral by family doctors. However, this ultimately impacts the management of surgical tourism by creating a gap in the care network. This phenomenon has gradually become accessible and is part of traditional personal care and beauty with links to aesthetic and cultural imperatives. This was due to cosmetic surgery as "normalized perfection" which led to underclass people using this service. Currently this has developed into a consumer object as recipients are no longer "patients" but seen as "customers" whose surgeries take place in a new global conglomerate of media, technological and aesthetic conditions. Types of tourists Connell (2006) questioned the "tourism- aspect of cosmetic surgery tourism. Therefore, he convinces this individual project to attempt to clarify this point. Combining well-being, in this case cosmetic surgery with vacation and restoration, theorizes a touristic vision of cosmetic surgery tourism. Since telling stories is part of "tourism", in the same way cosmetic surgery told by tourists will then identify the types of tourists who will develop in this niche through terminologies that clearly define them. Kanittinsuttitong (2015) formulated the concept of medical tourismtwo main theories: tourism and medical services. The author defined one group, medical-focused tourists, as tourists who mainly emphasize medical care and other factors related to medical services, while they focus less on the tourism aspect. In contrast, tourism in the second group focuses on tourists who focus mainly on tourism factors and less on medical or health services. Provided that, cosmetic surgery tourism can be recognized with similar forms/groups through evidence showing a relationship with medical tourism. Cosmetic surgery-focused tourists and tourism-focused tourists have already been identified by researchers in previous research. Therefore, this individual project defines both by drawing on the perceptions of many authors. Tourists focused on cosmetic surgery may seek the services of the world's best cosmetic surgeons or seek more extreme or even risky procedures that they may not be able to get in their country. Therefore, the association of the holiday with surgery may not be the main motivation. While tourist-focused tourists seek cosmetic surgery treatments based on tourism factors such as vacation, destination, amenities and services. Seeks packages offer surgery and recovery in a beautiful resort location or specialist retreat, while also offering more familiar tourism experiences for patients and accompanying family members or travel companions, such as sightseeing or even safaris. As a result, their main focus is based more on the holiday/tourism aspect. Emerging trends/motifs The question of what motivates both tourists to travel to these destinations in Southeast Asia is not an easy one to answer. The difficulty lies in the current case studies where researchers have not distinctly developed the hypotheses of both types of tourists, making them generalized. Next, the reasons for the behaviors they observed. There is an element of subjectivity identified in the motivations. However, it is simple to identify which motivations correlate/exist with each or both. This therefore forms the core of this project, the motivation and forms the basis of this review of the.