DNA is the foundation of all genetic material present in every living organism on earth. Commonly known as the full name deoxyribonucleic acid, it is an electrically neutral group of atoms held together by a chemical bond known as a molecule. In this case a biomolecule produced by a living organism composed of nucleic acid, carbohydrates and proteins. This mixture is wrapped in two biopolymer filaments forming a double helix. Biopolymers are a biomolecule of a polymer, which is a large molecule, composed of monomers (a molecule that chemically bonds to other molecules). These biopolymer filaments are composed of thirteen nucleotide monomers linked in a chain, which is in turn called a polynucleotide. Nucleotides are singular polynucleotides composed of a nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) base. Being divided into four bases, each nitrogenous base is as follows: • Guanine: Pairing sequentially with cytosine, guanine is derived from purine. Purine is an organic compound structured by a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring (called a pyrimidine-imidazole ring). The base is represented as 'G'. • Adenine: Similar to guanine, adenine is derived from purine. It is also an important part of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the nitrogenous base adenine bonded to a five-carbon sugar. This molecule has the ability to phosphorylate and add phosphate groups to other molecules. This allocation of phosphates allows for the release of energy. It is this energy that is used in the cells of living organisms. • Thymine: Combining with adenine, this nitrogenous base is often replaced with uracil in RNA. It is also the common cause of mutations in DNA. In the presence of ultraviolet light, radiation causes changes in the DNA molecule that inhibit normal... middle of paper... corn, soybeans and cereal grains contain the indigestible compound phytate which passes through the digestive tract of pig and grows rich in manure. The carbohydrates and proteins present in this food are digested and absorbed. When manure from common pigs is spread all over the land in areas surrounding intensive pig production, an accumulation of phosphorus in the soil has been shown to occur. During heavy rains, this phosphorus-rich soil flows into waterways, in turn increasing the concentration of phosphorus in the water. Algae grow, stratifying the body of water, causing the concentration of oxygen in the liquid to reduce, resulting in the death of fish and other aquatic animals. The area's ecosystem suffers, removing food for birdlife and killing plant life. Algae often produce toxins and the water is no longer drinkable.