Topic > Alienation Theory: Marx and Nietzsche - 2372

Marx's alienation theory is primarily concerned with social interaction and production; believes that we can overcome our alienation through human emancipation. Marx's theory of alienation is the process by which socially organized productive powers are experienced as external or alien forces that dominate the human beings who create them. He believes that production is man's act on nature and himself. Man's relationship with nature is his relationship with his tools, or means of production. Man's relationship with himself is fundamentally his relationship with others. Since for Marx production is a social concept, man's relationship with other men is the relation of production. Marx's theory of alienation specifically identifies the problems he observed within a capitalist society. He noted that workers have lost their resolve by losing the right to be sovereign over their own lives. In a capitalist society, workers, or prolets, have no control over their production, their relationships with other producers, or the value or ownership of their production. Even though it identifies workers as autonomous and self-fulfilling, the bourgeoisie dictates their goals and actions. Since the bourgeoisie privately owns the means of production, the workers' product accumulates surplus only in the interest of profit, or capital. Marx is not satisfied with this system because he believes that the means of production should be communally owned and that production should be social. Marx believes that under capitalism man is alienated in four different ways. First, it states that man, as a producer, is alienated from the goods he produces, or from the object. Secondly, the man is alienated from the work activity where... in the center of the paper... lesson.Frank, Jason. “Political Theory at the End of Modernity: Another Political Realism?” Introduction to Western political thought. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. May 4, 2012. Lecture.Marx, Karl. “On the Jewish question”. The first writings. Trans Rodney Livingstone and Gregor Benton. London: Penguin Group, 1843. Print.Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto. Trans. Samuel Moore. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Print. Nietzsche, Friedrich. Gay science. Trans. Josefine Nauckhoff. Cambridge University Press, 1882. 118-121. Print.Nietzsche, Friedrich. Twilight of the Idols and The Antichrist. Trans. RJ Hollingdale. London: Penguin Group, 1888. 50-51. PrintNietzsche, Friedrich. On the genealogy of morality. Trans. Walter Kaufmann and RJ Holingdale.New York: Random House Inc. Vintage Books Ed., 1980. Print