Although at first glance, realism and impressionism appear to be completely separate movements in 19th century art, in reality they were both born as a response to the new order of Europe that had evolved as a result of the marks left by both the Industrial Revolution and a series of European continental wars. Both realist and impressionist painters faced controversy in challenging the status quo of the Salons, and took the risk of no longer romanticizing the drastic changes within society caused by industrialization, but instead acknowledging them head-on. Edouard Manet in particular exemplified the gradual transition from realism to impressionism and even post-impressionism. His then-radical methods of integrating scientific observation, women's new roles, and political unrest into his paintings earned him both the denigration of an older generation and the admiration and veneration of a new one. Through the innovation of existing painting techniques and the encouragement of subsequent revolutionary painters, Manet helped transform the canvas of the European art world in the mid-1800s. Edouard Manet considered himself a realist and did not like to associate his name with the Impressionist movement , which is why It may be ironic that today Manet is considered one of the fathers of the era of impressionism. Just as Manet arrived on the world art scene in the mid-1800s, he was beginning a revolution of which he would become a part. The realist movement, which evolved from the harsh sacrifices made during industrialization, sought to show the harsh conditions of workers, basing their philosophies on the new "positivist" ideas promoted by Auguste Comte and other French philosophers. "All true knowledge is based on facts," said Comte,...... at the heart of the paper... and on their revolutionary artistic spirit. Both were devout socialists, Pissarro eventually being recognized as one of the founders of Post-Impressionism, along with Georges Seurat and Paul Signac. Post-Impressionism continued along the same lines as Impressionism, applying the application of color to canvas now with strict and rigorous rules as opposed to simple “improvisation” (Schneider 109). Pissarro, for example, used small dots, or pointillism, to create a distinct visual style in his paintings. Edouard Manet marked a new era in European painting, with his distinctive and bold style in both subject matter and technique. His groundbreaking compositions of female figures and politically charged scenes were integral to the transition from the realist to the impressionist movement in terms of both painting technique and method of approaching art..