Foreword Maritime security traditionally focuses on maritime disputes, naval competition, sea lines of communication (SLOC), warfare at sea. Modern maritime security systems after the Cold War and 9/11 have changed significantly and become more complex, which implies global collaboration and mutual understanding. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) has been managing maritime issues in a fundamental and acceptable manner for years as a fundamental convention for resolving maritime dilemmas. Not only disputes between states but also management of marine resources between states. Surprisingly, maritime issues have become increasingly complex and complicated with regards to modernization, globalization and transnational issues. This convention alone is not sufficient to provide comprehensive guidance for managing conflicting interests at sea. The regulatory framework of the Law of the Sea is satisfactory for addressing contemporary maritime safety issues, particularly on safety measurements, is questionable regarding the legal framework and coherence of safety initiatives with LOSC, particularly while the agreements deal with political factors , legal and financial. The tragedy of September 11 becomes a crucial point for maritime security regulation regarding the frightening theory of the next devastating terrorist attack that will occur from the sea. To prevent threats, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has issued several regulations regarding maritime safety. The ISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security) code is one of the trendiest and most revolutionary systems in the evolution of maritime security. The United States has established several security prevention policies such as the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), Continued...... middle of document......2008, p. 8. Department of Homeland Security, “Implementing National Maritime Security Initiatives,” Federal Register, Rules and Regulations, Vol. 68, No. 204, 22 October 2003, p.,60448 cited in Sean D. Murphy P, United States Practice in International Law, Volume 2; Volumes 2002-2004 Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005, p.130Donna J, Nincic., “The Challenge of Maritime Terrorism: Threat Identification, WMD and Regime Response”, The Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 28 No. 4, 2005, pp. 635-636. Friedman, Benjamin, “The Proliferation Security Initiative: The Legal Challenge”, Bipartisan Security Group Policy Brief, September 4,2003, pp.2-3.Grewal, Devinder, “The ISPS Code: The Australian Experience and Perspective” in Rupert Herbert-Burns, Sam Bateman and Peter Lehr, eds., "Lloyd's MIU Handbook of Maritime Security", chap.23, pp. 327-335.