This book is among the very first books that seek to understand the implications and impacts of information technology (IT) on government organizations from an institutional perspective. According to Fountain, institutional theories and their central concern, choice within constraints, span political science, sociology, and economics. Therefore, it is important to conceptualize the role of information technology within the framework and perspective of the institution. The central idea of ​​this book is to advance, extend, and refine institutional theory to understand fundamental developments in information technology. In this book a series of research questions have been posed and attempted to be answered. These questions include: “How do bureaucratic politicians use networked computing? Are they negotiating new institutional arrangements accordingly? To what extent and in what ways are they constrained by the current institutional structure? What extensions of institutional theory are needed to account for fundamental change in organizational communication, coordination, and control? " (p. 4). Fountain indicates that the purpose of this book is to build a theory to answer these questions. The first part of this book attempts to set up a theoretical framework and the second part of the book contains practical cases to test this framework theoretical At the outset, Fountain presents “reinventing government,” the National Performance Review, as the US federal government's first efforts to open up the use of information technology in government. She believes this development coincides with the phase key to the impressive growth of the Internet that began in 1993. The National Performance Review initially focused on the development of regulation... middle of paper... of government institutions and provides us with a clear analytical framework that allows us to further develop our understanding of the implications that IT can consequently bring to government. Whenever we seek to develop e-government, e-community, e-participation or open governance applications, we cannot forget the fact that even if the technology has its strong capabilities, technological determinism can hardly resist empirical verification. In reality, the success or failure of these applications cannot be decisively determined by the technology itself. We must take into account a number of other structural, cultural, cognitive, organizational, etc. factors. How our perceptions and cognitions of these technological applications matter. How rooted in current institutions matters even more. This book has shown us a very comprehensive point of view for such considerations.