Rosenfield (1982) examines the effect of the sex of patients with mental disorders on psychiatric hospitalization. She states that there are conflicting perspectives on whether males or females receive greater social reaction overall for residual deviance. Rosenfield proposes that both males and females receive a greater social reaction when deviant behavior is believed to be incompatible with traditional social norms for their gender. His findings reveal that men are more likely to be hospitalized for depression and neurosis, while women are more likely to be hospitalized for substance abuse and personality disorders. Likewise, Rosenfield's findings are consistent with this belief and are specifically consistent with society's gendered social norms. Rosenfield states that “hospitalization decisions depend on the nature of the deviance, in terms of its fit with sex role norms, for males and females. Males are more often hospitalized for “feminine” disorders than females. females are more often hospitalized for “female” types of disorders than males” (Rosenfield, 1982, p. 22). of mental illness, the severity of the social reaction to deviance is a function of the degree to which assumptions and expectations are violated