Abstract - Prostitution is a controversial issue worldwide, which has existed for many years. In recent years, prostitution has become more complicated with sophisticated forms and increasing scale. In 2014, Vietnam has 32,700 prostitutes, an increase of 9.3% compared to 2012, while the number of registered people to manage is only 8,000[1]. For about 3 years lately, the question “Should prostitution be legalized?” has become one of the most controversial issues in Vietnam. There have been numerous conflicting opinions on this issue. Supporters argue that if we implemented and managed the measure effectively, it would be a solution to numerous social ills. Instead, those who are against the measure think it is the opposite. IntroductionThe definition of prostitution is “The practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment [2]” or “Accepting money for sexual services or selling integrity for an unworthy purpose [3]”. Prostitution itself is an ancient profession, and “considered the oldest profession known to mankind,” it has been ubiquitous from the times of ancient civilizations such as the Greek and Roman to today's red light districts. In the modern world, prostitution is becoming a vital problem for many countries. The number of sex workers is increasing over time, spanning different ages and even genders, when male prostitution is no longer a strange thing[Figure 1]. Furthermore, prostitution also varies into different types such as street prostitution, brothels and masseuses. Therefore, the management of prostitution is becoming more and more difficult with time, which leads to various effects on people's health and morals. Many people believe that legalizing prostitution could be a solution to the circumstance, but this situation should be examined carefully.[Figure 1]. Total arrests for prostitution by age and sex in 1981 – 2012 [2].II. Legalizing prostitution in GermanyBut a German statistic showed that human trafficking increased by 70% only after 5 years of legalizing prostitution [5], and 90% of prostitutes were forced or victims of human trafficking [ 6]. In Australia, even some states that legalize prostitution have not achieved positive returns. These are 90% of Queensland brothels and prostitutes operating without a license for human trafficking, tax evasion and money laundering [7]. After the legalization of prostitution, the number of illegal brothels has not yet decreased, but has increased by 300% [8]. Sweden is not a country that legalizes prostitution, but it is one of the most successful nations in the world in managing and protecting prostitution. the rights of sex workers. On 1-1-1999, Sweden became the first country in the world to fight prostitution with a new method. Instead of punishing prostitutes, the Swedish government will punish those who buy sex with a severe penalty[9]. Swedish citizens caught having sex at home or abroad risk a fine of $5,000 or 12 months in prison, while repeat offenders can be sentenced to 4 years. The police also publicly announce the identities of the buyers so that they are ashamed and do not relapse. Furthermore, the Swedish government will do so