Elizabeth begins by explaining to readers how Shipler identified and interviewed many different types of people living at the poverty level. As a result it defines how difficult it is not to be moved by the heartbreaking reality of what people go through. Elizabeth draws attention to how Shipler's book was not only oriented to the reality of why people live in poverty due to personal behavior, but also to the fact that some of the problems are due to the structure of the economy. “Throughout the book he often returns to the theme that policy solutions to the problems of the working poor must address both individual behavior and structural economic factors because they are intrinsically intertwined.” (Davis, Elizabeth “The Working Poor: Invisible In America” Journal Of Financial Counseling & Planning 15.2 (2004) 103-104. Academic research completed. Web. 28 September 2015.) Davis extracts many details from Shipler's book The Working Poor by Analyzing It chapter by chapter. While finding fault with both the person's personal behavior, lack of education, and the system's inability to successfully help a person out of poverty. Davis points out that Shipler says that even though these problems are present, many children in poverty are doomed from the start due to a lack of support from their parents. “But throughout the book he also finds fault with parents who, due to lack of parenting skills, depression or immaturity, fail to give their children the best start in life.” (Davis, Elizabeth “The Working Poor: Invisible In America” Journal Of Financial Counseling & Planning 15.2 (2004) 103-104. Academic research completed. Web. September 28, 2015.) Although Davis was engaged with many of Shipler's arguments according which to make the working poor more visible fails to see that his argument is substantive because of this