IntroductionIn this article we will analyze an article on population growth, written by Sanjeev Sanyal in 2011. We will start by describing what the phases of demographic transition are and we will focus on the third one which is the one analyzed in the article. Since the main question of the article is why population growth is decreasing in developing countries, we will analyze the link between development and population growth. We will take into account policies that can be implemented to achieve the goal of controlling population growth. In this regard, we will focus in particular on the Chinese one-child policy, underlining the problems associated with this policy. As the final stage of our analysis we will consider the role of developed countries in the demographic transition of developing ones. TopicThe article written by Sanjeev Sanyal analyzes the fact that population growth forecasts in 2050 are unreliable because they misrepresent growth of the population in 2050. demographic dynamics. In most countries, especially developing ones, national censuses have revealed that fertility rates are collapsing and that, in reproductive terms; our species should no longer expand. TFR for most developed countries is now well below replacement levels, and the largest declines in TFR in recent years have occurred in developing countries. The article considers the particular case of India and China, where a further factor could depress future birth rates: the sex ratio at birth is higher for males than for females and the future shortage of women implies that the actual reproductive capacity of both countries is lower than suggested. from the unadjusted TFR. Continuing to analyze especially India and China, the article tries to explain...... middle of paper...... worry. As we have seen, in fact, there is a strong relationship between development and population growth. To answer the previous question about why the total fertility rate is decreasing in developing countries, we must say that the decline in population growth is induced by development but at the same time by government policies that aim to stimulate development. But while these policies implemented by developing countries can lead to good results, it is also important to consider what unintended consequences might occur. China's one-child policy represents one of the most extreme policies that can be implemented and, due to its extremisms, it is starting to reveal all its weakness. In this way, developed countries have a duty to be involved in the demographic transition of developing countries by helping them find the most effective solution.