Current chiropractic research focuses on back and musculoskeletal pain and reliability studies. Although chiropractic clearly has its drawbacks, particularly its stubborn insistence that spinal misalignments cause or underlie most disorders, including those far from the spine, its use of spinal manipulation has proven useful in treatment of acute low back pain and other muscular and neurological problems. Osteopaths, licensed physicians whose training is essentially the same as that of medical doctors, also include manipulative therapy in their treatments. Studies conducted at the Touch Research Institute at the University of Miami School of Medicine found that premature infants gained weight much faster after being massaged than those in an unmassaged control group (Cooper and Stoflet). Babies who are massaged cry less and are calmer than those who are only rocked. It is amazing that only now, in the late 1990s, are we discovering the fact that not only newborns but also children and adults respond favorably to human touch, both emotionally and physically. (2016Laura E.