In today's dynamic, multipolar strategic environment, there is greater potential for greater conflict. One reason lies in the different ways in which state and non-state actors interpret and respond to the myriad challenges and opportunities of a much more turbulent global context. These differences in interpretation and response are largely rooted in cultural differences, as it is culture that forms the subconscious set of shared meanings that guide group behaviors and perceptions. Understanding culture in terms of deep, underlying assumptions and shared mindsets on the part of state and non-state actors is critical for today's strategic military planner in attempting to predict the potential for conflict and in planning for effective conflict resolution. Contemporary scholars agree Culture is an important factor in counterinsurgency, irregular warfare, stability, humanitarian and reconstruction operations. Cultural factors influence every level of interpersonal interactions. Religion and spirituality as a domain provide the basis for social order and shared identity. In some cultures, religion and religious leaders have a great influence on the strategic and political environment. Therefore, religion and spirituality within the 12 Air Force cultural domains impact strategic communication during interactions with local leaders, military advisors, and key leader engagements (KLEs). KLEs are extremely important for understanding cultural, religious, and spiritual beliefs. Jeffrey Lantis said, “Political cultural dynamics shape not only prevailing public sentiments but also the development of political institutions.” The scope of political culture is shaped by many factors, and religion is one of the...... middle of paper...... Religious extremism creates an evolution for religious understanding. These extreme expressions of religion are common to the conflict landscape. Militant movements cloaked in religious orthodoxy justify the need to engage religious leadership and the anthropologist for strategic guidance. The complexity of current conflicts is exacerbated when religious leaders escalate conflicts with inflammatory language. Religion is often used as a tool to exploit and expand a strategic sphere of influence. The cultural significance of religion and spirituality provides an opportunity to connect, analyze, and redefine the approach to military planning. RLE is a tool for the U.S. military to build a new paradigm for strategic, economic, political and social change. Works Cited Lantis, Jeffery “Strategic Culture and National Security Policy” p 91. Ibid., 94.