HIERARCHY OF THE UNITED STATES DUAL COURT SYSTEM There is a dual court system in the United States. The dual system is divided into federal courts and state courts. Everyone hears different types of cases; neither is completely different from the other. The United States Constitution gives powers to federal courts and reserves the rest to the state. FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM The federal court system specifically deals with legal issues. Federal courts make decisions involving matters relating to the United States Constitution, treaties, federal statutes, and federal commerce. The federal judicial system originates from the United States Constitution. Article III provides that “the judicial power of the United States shall be vested in the Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Justices, both of the Supreme and Lower Courts, shall hold their offices during good conduct, and shall, at appointed times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continued office. This article shows that the power to interpret United States law will be controlled by the Supreme Court and the lower federal court. Congress will create a lower court from time to time. The Constitution creates only the Supreme Court, yet allows Congress to create any other lower court whenever it deems necessary. Therefore, when the Supreme Court's caseload becomes excessive, Congress can create lower federal courts. On the other hand, as long as judges maintain “good behavior,” most of them will receive lifetime appointments from the President of the United States and run the federal court system; However, it requires confirmation by the Senate. At ...... middle of the document ...... courts include courts of first instance of general jurisdiction, courts of first instance of limited jurisdiction, special courts and courts of appeals. COURTS OF GENERAL JURISDICTION Each type of case may be heard by a Court of First Instance of general jurisdiction, excluding cases expressly prohibited by law. Therefore, the lower court of general jurisdiction also has almost the same function as the federal district courts. Many cases brought before the Federal District Court may also be heard in the Court of First Instance of General Jurisdiction. Exceptions include bankruptcy and patent infringement actions, which can only be brought in federal court. At the county level, most courts of first instance of general jurisdiction are organized. All lower courts of general jurisdiction have different names from state to state such as Circuit Court, Court of Common Pleas, and Superior Court.