Gerald Faust suggesting that the four primary management functions are part of a self-developed multifaceted metric. He says this new metric can provide insight into an organization's culture and internal workings, as well as a means to facilitate and predict its long- and short-term success. Faust argues that from this perspective management and personality theories appear to merge and supports his theory in the form of four roles. It introduces the producer role, which focuses on what gets done, and the administrator role, which focuses on how things get done. Both of these roles provide short-term insights into a company's overall success. The e-role or entrepreneurial role and the I-role or integration role provide a long-term view of a company's overall success. The role of the entrepreneur focuses on creativity, risk and adaptability, while business integrators focus on vertical alignment. While it is clear that these roles can often conflict with each other, Faust certainly implies that these roles serve individual functions that, when combined efficiently, serve a higher role.