The renal system consists of two kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. the kidneys regulate the circulation of fluids in the body such as electrolytes, hormones and also eliminate fluids (ATI. 628). Acute renal failure is the main cause of death among hospitalized patients and over half of them are due to iatrogenic causes (ATI 629). Acute renal failure is classified into prerenal, internal and post-acute renal failure. The prerenal case is the most common and causes hypofusion and ischemia. Common causes of ARF are hemorrhage, cardiac dysrhythmias, anaphylaxis, dehydration, and embolism (Rosdal). Intrarenal damage occurs when the damage occurs within the kidney and is usually irreversible. glomerulonephritis, nephrotic toxicity, and acute tubular nephrosis are some examples of intrarenal risk factors. Postrenal is obstruction of the structures leaving the kidneys such as kidney stones, urinary tract obstruction, and spinal cord disease. ARF occurs when blood flow through the kidneys is significantly impaired and fails to adequately filter blood. There are four stages of acute kidney failure...