In economic theory, questions relating to the causes and mechanisms of discrimination are examined in the works of Ehrenberg and Smith (2000). These questions concern the personal preferences or prejudices of employers, workers themselves or consumers, who do not like interacting with workers of a certain gender; the statistical theory of discrimination, the essence of which is that the employer transfers the perceived characteristics of a group to certain individuals, and the theory of overcrowding and dual labor markets, according to which distortion in the labor market is caused by desire to establish the monopoly of