Since the 1950s, Saudi Arabian cities have witnessed significant changes in the composition of the population and the layout of the built environment. Saudi society transformed from a nomadic pastoral society to a highly modernized society as a result of increased national revenue from oil production. Rapid growth and improving economic conditions have led to the adoption of modern planning principles that are contrary to the traditional city. Although modernization has helped raise the neighborhood's standard of living, it has also led to the creation of social, cultural and climate problems. This essay will shed light on the impact of contemporary urban planning principles and setback regulations implemented in Riyadh, focusing on the city's cultural, social and climate conflict. The essay is divided into five main parts. The first part provides an overview of Saudi Arabia and Riyadh. Second, a description of the harmonious relationship between society and the built environment in the traditional Islamic city, which provided social and climatic requirements and reflected the Islamic identity of the inhabitants. In the third part, an analysis of the characteristics of the new built environment compared to the traditional form will be carried out. The fourth part will explain the cultural, social and climatic conflicts in Riyadh as a result of adopting the grid model and the villa type as the model of the city's neighborhoods. Finally, the essay shows that Saudi Arabian practitioners and authorities have noted the cultural conflict arising from the implementation of contemporary regulations and planning model, and provides examples of a developed framework provided… in the middle of the paper. .....on urban planning and theory from a vernacular design perspective: MOMRA initiatives in neighborhood improvement in Saudi Arabia." Land Use Policy 18(2): 179-190. Eben Saleh, M. (2002). "The transformation of the residential neighborhood: the emergence of a new urbanism in Saudi Arabian culture. (2003). Traditional Islamic Principles of the Built Environment, Routledge.Moustapha, A., F. Costa, et al (1985). 140-148.Mubarak, F. (2004). "Politics of urban growth boundaries and residential suburbanization: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 28(4): 567-591. Mubarak, F. (2007). Cultural adaptation to housing needs: a case study, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.