Difficulty can be scientifically linked based on the methods associated with hypothesis testing for Courses of Action (COA) (Lindblom, 1959 ). The primary method of problem solving relies on facts overshadowing constraints to provide an expected outcome (Greiff, 2013). Linear evaluation of alternatives is associated with optimal knowledge sought through discovery and analysis. Some degree of risk is associated with unknowns that can diminish or change an outcome that is simply a fluke or out of someone's control (Fitzsimmons, 2011). Policy construction is designed by subsidiaries created with COAs that can be agreed upon through past familiarity. or related politics (Lowenthal, 2011). The caveat and creation of branching is advantageous to the policy maker because each limitation in branching has a measurable outcome of trade-off through the association of benefits. For example, a policy that allows parents to emancipate their children at age 18 would consist of branches with parameters such as whether the child has an existing trust following divorce or whether the adult can be taxed on a portion of the trust if more that X amount is used within the fiscal year of release. Affiliates can serve as a bargaining chip to reach a compromise (Lindblom, 1959). Implementation trial and error gives a quick look at how productive the policy is overall in specific cases and circumstances (Lindblom, 1959). The scientific measurement of a hypothesis corroborates or discredits the theory (Miller, 2011). Politics is not so much based on theory as on action (Page, 2010). The Selma bus boycott generated a policy that would hopefully end the boycotts. The negotiation process was unsuccessful and eventually a compromise was reached across the political branches of...... half of the document ...... there is the necessary power support to manage the likely outcomes . Works Cited Fitzsimmons, J.R. (2011). Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(4).Greiff, S.W. (2013). Complex problem solving in educational contexts: Something beyond concept, evaluation, measurement invariance, and construct validity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(2), .Lindblom, C. (1959). The science of "getting confused". Public Administration Review (19), 79-88. Lowenthal, M. M. (2011). Intelligence: from secrets to politics. . CQ press. Miller, K. D. (2011). Testing management theories: Critical realist philosophy and research methods. Strategic Management Journal, 32(2).Page, BI (2010). The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans' Political Preferences. University of Chicago Press.