AbstractThis essay examines the question of whether managerial jobs, roles and skills are the same around the world. Academic journals and textbooks are used in this essay to provide some evidence and examples to support the conclusion. Academic journals and textbooks were obtained from the Monash University Library. The conclusion of this essay indicates that organizational level and cultural diversity have a significant influence on the degree and emphasis of managerial work, roles and skills performed by managers around the world. Introduction In all societies, people are involved in managing things. Everyone manages, but not everyone is a manager. “A manager is someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to achieve organizational goals” (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, & Coulter, 2003, p.6). Robbins and DeCenzo (2005, p.10) state that “A manager is a manager regardless of where he manages”. The statement led to a question. Are the manager's work and activities universal? It is believed that there is no universal manager. Managers around the world have similar jobs, roles and skills. However, it should not be interpreted that the activities of all managers are the same. The differences concern the degree, importance and emphasis they attribute to their work, roles and skills, due to some factors such as the level and size of the organization, culture, political and economic condition. This essay will only focus on the organizational level and cultural factors. The purpose of this essay is to discuss and examine whether the job, roles and skills of a manager are the same all over the world. The analytical discussion will be constructed with the use of evidence...... middle of paper ......, Wariszak, R. & Hartmann, L. (1997), "What do managers like to do? Comparing women and men in Australia and the United States", Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 71-97.Wilson, F. M. (1999), Organizational Behavior: A Critical Introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Lenartowicz, T . & Johnson, J.P. (2002), "Comparison of managerial values ​​in twelve Latin American countries: an exploratory study", Management International Review, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 279-307. Peterson, T.O. & Van Fleet, D.D. (2004), “The continuing legacy of R.L. Katz, an updated typology of management skills”, Management Decision, Vol. 42, No.10, pp. 1297-1378. Lubatkin, M.H., Ndiaye, M. & Vengroff, R. (1997), “The nature of managerial work in developing countries: a limited test of the universalist hypothesis”, Journal of International Business Studies, vol.711-734.