In the late 1800s, before World War I, European countries saw a dramatic change within their societies. New, more liberal ideas began to emerge that challenged traditional European beliefs. Ordinary people began to ponder new practices that would change society forever. Ideologies such as Marxism, Freudianism and the women's movement not only revolutionized the face of Europe, but also shaped the continent's government and society. Marxism was a theory of Karl Marx who spread thought for the communist regime. It brought out the idea of ​​a struggle in the working class called “bourgeoisie-proletariat struggle” which revealed the overthrow of the working class over the middle class (bourgeoisie). Marx believed that this conflict was not the product of bad intentions but rather that this revolution was inevitable due to the harsh treatment of the working class by the middle class. The idea was that the working class would seize the revenues of production, establish a dictatorship, and eventually transform it into a classless communist society because Karl blamed this problem on capitalism. This was a criticism and a blow to the European economy because it challenged traditional beliefs and targeted the fact that the economy was not benefiting the people. Karl Marx challenged the middle class with its value system while also stating that the working class would ultimately be in power. Marxism not only questions traditional social hierarchy by stating that the working class would rule, but also questions democracy, absolutism, and monarchism with Marx's awareness by stating that those "governments" would be rendered useless and there would be no more need for government in his life. mind.Freudism was an attack on rationalism theorized by......middle of paper......women, caused diseases. Their anger was so strong that the National Women's Association for the Repeal of Contagious Diseases won a reprieve in 1883. The women's movement also brought challenge to traditional marriages. Women now wanted a loose union of equality with men and women to share the responsibility of children. This movement called for rejecting traditional gender roles and unjust sexual morality, thus directly challenging Europe's conservative view of women. Ideologies such as Marxism, Freudianism, and the women's movement challenged traditional European beliefs before the First World War. It revolutionized the face of Europe and shaped government and society in the late 1800s. As ordinary people pondered new theories, more liberal ideas began to appear that challenged traditionalists and transformed society forever.